Migraine is a complex neurological disorder that involves various changes in the brain. During a migraine attack, there is often a temporary dysfunction in the nervous system, which can result in a range of symptoms, including headache, sensitivity to light and sound, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue.
The exact cause of migraine is still not fully understood, but researchers believe that it is related to the activation of the trigeminal nerve, which is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the head and face to the brain. When this nerve is stimulated, it releases chemicals that cause inflammation and dilation of blood vessels in the brain, which can lead to pain and other symptoms.
Studies using brain imaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), have also shown that during a migraine attack, there is increased activity in certain areas of the brain, such as the visual cortex, which can cause visual disturbances or auras. There is also decreased activity in other areas of the brain, such as the prefrontal cortex, which can contribute to cognitive and emotional symptoms, such as difficulty concentrating or feeling irritable.
Overall, migraine is a complex neurological disorder that involves various changes in the brain, including changes in nerve activity, inflammation, and blood flow. However, more research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of migraine and develop more effective treatments.
