It’s important to note that depression is a complex mental health condition that affects people in different ways, and there are no strict levels or categories of depression. However, clinicians and researchers often use a framework known as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) to diagnose and classify different types of depression. According to the DSM-5, the most recent edition, there are several types of depression, including:
- Major depressive disorder: This is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyable. These symptoms must be present for at least two weeks and must cause significant impairment in daily functioning.
- Persistent depressive disorder: This is a chronic form of depression that lasts for at least two years. It is characterized by a persistent low mood, feelings of hopelessness, and a lack of interest in daily activities.
- Bipolar disorder: This is a mood disorder that involves both episodes of depression and episodes of mania or hypomania (a less severe form of mania). During a depressive episode, the individual may experience the same symptoms as those with major depressive disorder. However, during a manic episode, they may experience feelings of euphoria, grandiosity, and increased energy.
- Seasonal affective disorder: This is a type of depression that is related to the changes in seasons, particularly the decrease in sunlight during the winter months. It is characterized by symptoms of depression that occur during a specific time of year and go away when the season changes.
- Psychotic depression: This is a type of depression that involves symptoms of depression, along with symptoms of psychosis, such as hallucinations or delusions. It is often more severe than other types of depression and requires intensive treatment.
It’s worth noting that these types of depression are not necessarily hierarchical, and individuals may experience symptoms that overlap across different types. It’s essential to seek professional help if you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of depression.
