The four stages of an allergic response are:
- Sensitization: In this stage, the immune system becomes sensitized or primed to a particular allergen. Initial exposure to the allergen triggers an immune response, and the immune system recognizes the allergen as foreign. During this stage, the immune system produces specific antibodies, such as immunoglobulin E (IgE), that are designed to recognize and respond to that particular allergen.
- Activation: In this stage, upon subsequent exposure to the same allergen, the immune system reacts by releasing large amounts of histamine and other chemical mediators. These chemical mediators cause inflammation, which leads to the typical symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as sneezing, itching, redness, and swelling.
- Reaction: This stage is characterized by the onset of acute allergic symptoms. The immune system’s response to the allergen causes symptoms such as nasal congestion, hives, itching, watery eyes, coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing, depending on the location of the allergen exposure and the type of allergy.
- Resolution: After the immune response subsides and the allergen is no longer present, the symptoms of the allergic reaction begin to resolve. However, in some cases, this stage may be prolonged, and the symptoms may persist for an extended period of time, requiring medical intervention.
It’s important to note that not all allergic reactions progress through all four stages, and the severity and duration of allergic reactions can vary widely depending on the individual, the allergen, and the specific type of allergy. Allergic reactions can range from mild to severe, and in some cases, can be life-threatening, such as in cases of anaphylaxis, a severe and potentially fatal allergic reaction. If you suspect that you or someone else may be experiencing an allergic reaction, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly.
