Anaphylaxis is considered the most serious type of allergy. Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur suddenly and rapidly, often within minutes to hours after exposure to an allergen. An allergen is a substance that triggers an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals.
During an anaphylactic reaction, the immune system releases a flood of chemicals that can cause a range of symptoms affecting multiple organ systems in the body, including the skin, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and gastrointestinal system. Symptoms of anaphylaxis may include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or tongue, hives or rash, rapid or weak pulse, nausea or vomiting, confusion, loss of consciousness, and in severe cases, respiratory or cardiac arrest.
Anaphylaxis can be triggered by a variety of allergens, such as foods (e.g., peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, milk), medications (e.g., penicillin, aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), insect stings (e.g., bee stings, wasp stings), latex, and others. Anaphylaxis requires immediate medical attention, and epinephrine (adrenaline) is the first-line treatment for anaphylactic reactions. If you suspect someone is experiencing anaphylaxis, call emergency services (911 in the United States) immediately. Anaphylaxis can be life-threatening if not treated promptly and appropriately.
