What causes eczema?

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition that causes inflammation and irritation of the skin. The exact cause of eczema is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Here are some common factors that are believed to contribute to the development of eczema:

1. Genetic predisposition: There is evidence to suggest that eczema may have a genetic component, as it tends to run in families. If you have a family history of eczema, you may be at a higher risk of developing the condition.
2. Abnormal immune response: People with eczema often have an overactive immune system that reacts to triggers in the environment, such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and certain foods. This immune response can cause inflammation and irritation of the skin, leading to eczema.
3. Barrier dysfunction: The skin acts as a barrier that helps to retain moisture and protect against irritants. In people with eczema, the skin barrier is often impaired, which allows moisture to escape and irritants to penetrate the skin more easily, leading to dryness, itching, and inflammation.
4. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental triggers, such as harsh soaps, detergents, fragrances, and extreme temperatures, can worsen eczema symptoms in some people.
5. Allergens: Allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and certain foods, can trigger an allergic reaction in some people with eczema, leading to inflammation and itching.
6. Stress: Emotional stress can weaken the immune system and trigger flare-ups in some people with eczema.
7. Skin microbiome: The balance of bacteria and other microorganisms on the skin, known as the skin microbiome, may play a role in eczema. Disruption of the skin microbiome can affect the skin’s immune response and barrier function, potentially contributing to eczema development.

It’s important to note that eczema triggers can vary from person to person, and what may cause eczema in one individual may not necessarily cause it in another. If you suspect you have eczema or are experiencing symptoms, it’s best to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.