Allergies are caused by an overreaction of the immune system to harmless substances in the environment, such as pollen, pet dander, or certain foods. When an allergen, the substance that triggers an allergic reaction, enters the body, the immune system mistakenly identifies it as a threat and mounts an immune response. This immune response leads to a variety of symptoms and can affect different organs and systems in the body, depending on the type of allergy and the severity of the reaction.
Here are some general ways allergies can affect the body:
- Respiratory system: Allergies can cause symptoms such as sneezing, runny or stuffy nose, coughing, and difficulty breathing. These symptoms occur when the immune system triggers inflammation in the nasal passages, throat, and lungs in an attempt to block the allergen.
- Skin: Skin allergies can cause itching, redness, rash, and swelling. Common skin allergies include contact dermatitis from substances like latex, nickel, or certain chemicals, as well as hives or angioedema from allergens such as food, medications, or insect bites.
- Gastrointestinal system: Ingesting allergenic foods or medications can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. This occurs when the immune system reacts to the allergen in the gastrointestinal tract.
- Cardiovascular system: Severe allergic reactions, known as anaphylaxis, can affect the cardiovascular system and may cause symptoms such as a rapid or irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure, and dizziness. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate medical attention.
- Eyes: Allergies can also affect the eyes, causing symptoms such as redness, itching, tearing, and swollen eyelids. This occurs when allergens come into contact with the eyes and trigger an immune response.
It’s important to note that allergies can range in severity from mild to life-threatening, and repeated exposure to allergens can sometimes lead to more severe reactions over time. If you suspect you have allergies, it’s important to seek medical advice for proper diagnosis and management.
